Overview
An Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) is an abnormal bulging or enlargement of the abdominal aorta — the main blood vessel that supplies blood to the lower body. It occurs when the vessel wall weakens and stretches. If it grows too large, the aneurysm can rupture, causing life-threatening internal bleeding.
Risk Factors
- Age over 65
- Male gender
- Smoking history
- Family history of AAA
- High blood pressure
- Atherosclerosis (hardening of arteries)
Symptoms
Most AAAs develop slowly and without symptoms. However, some people may notice:
- Pulsating feeling in the abdomen
- Deep, constant abdominal or back pain
- Sudden severe pain (possible rupture — medical emergency)
Diagnosis
Diagnosis often happens during routine examinations or imaging tests for other reasons. If an AAA is suspected, doctors may use:
- Abdominal ultrasound — most common, painless, quick test to detect and measure AAA.
- CT scan — provides detailed images, especially for surgical planning.
- MRI scan — alternative imaging method if CT is not suitable.
- Physical exam — may detect a pulsating abdominal mass, though not always present.
Screening
Many countries recommend a one-time ultrasound screening for men aged 65–75 who have ever smoked. Early detection significantly reduces the risk of rupture.
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